Musa Free Essays

Happy with the open vehicle in regards to wellbeing, tidiness, recurrence, Station administration and Mike. Furthermore, greater part of understudies concurred that Melbourne open vehicle framework work adequately; in any case, all the understudies in the study are worldwide and they accept they should get a movement concession card. Chapter by chapter guide 1 Introduction 1 Background 2 Scope 3 Aim 4 Hypothesis 2 Methodology 3 Result 4 Conclusion 5 Recommendation 6 Bibliography 7 Appendix 05 10 Australia open vehicle toll is expanding each year, and for a long time were the most costly in general. We will compose a custom paper test on Musa or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Melbourne tolls are the most costly in Australia. Open vehicle cost is a lot higher than petroleum in the vehicle. In light of essential and optional research, this report will investigate whether MIT understudies are happy with open vehicle or not . The perspectives are 1 . Cash, 2. Utilization, 3. Fulfillment 1. 1 Background It has been said that Melbourne open vehicle administration levels are ugly to those with the choice of vehicle travel, and subsequently open vehicle is neither helpful nor modest. What it needs is an arranging upgrade and serious admissions. This thought additionally support by review â€Å"Melbourne admissions are nearly modest â€Å". Anyway on the opposite side, the insights recount to various anecdote about the expense of the open vehicle. Ongoing figures from a Federal Government report proposed that the Variable cost’ to family units of driving via vehicle is $63 every week in the downtown and $82 every week in the external rural areas, while the expense of driving by open vehicle is Just $36 and $41 every week separately. Melbourne tolls are similarly cheap† Another review (Department of Infrastructure and transport, 2013) has indicated that Australian use traveler vehicle endlessly more than open vehicle. This review additionally shows that , guys utilize more open vehicle than female o get work or study,but more established men lean toward open vehicle and more established ladies favor traveler vehicle as per overview. In term of fulfil lment, Australian happy with cable car, transport and train. Agreeing (Public Transport execution, 2012) that general fulfillment is expanded late year. It additionally gave that Australian fulfilled transport more than cable car and train. With regards to recurrence again transport performed tremendous more than cable car and train. Transport and cable car both performed same measure of administration, train administration is performed 98 percent however it is 1 percent not as much as transport and cable car. Transport performed more in all the segment of fulfillment execution. . 2 Scope : This report is constrained to three parts of the more extensive inquiry â€Å"Are MIT understudies utilize open vehicle? † The angles are 1 . Cash, 2. Use, 3. Fulfillment. Moreover, the example of the examination is just 51 subjects. This is because of requirements of MIT understudies. 1. 3 Tit-n The point of this report is to see if MIT understudies incline toward open vehicle or not on the off chance that truly, at that point how regularly they use and the amount they pay. This likewise relies upon their fulfillment toward open vehicle. 1. 4 Hypothesis : This report expect that MIT understudies go through more cash than the remainder of the Australian on open vehicle. As far as Public vehicle use, it is accepted that MIT understudy utilize increasingly open vehicle looks at to Australian. With regards to fulfillment both MIT understudy and Australian are happy with open vehicle. 2 Methodology: This examination venture was brought out was through a review. This overview comprises of 17 inquiries and the example size is 51 who are understudies from MIT. The nationalities are: Pakistan , India, Vietnamese, China, Nepal. Altogether there were 39 Male and 12 Female. 3 Results: fig 1 Usage By Gender fig 2 MIT Students lean toward Public Transport altogether more than Private, is multiple times mineral mainstream than private. So the given pie graph shows that understudy utilize progressively open vehicle . What's more, the most intriguing figure 2 in Bar outline is Female utilize less open vehicle than Male. Male utilize 92% and female utilize lesser than it is 83%. So female more lean toward her own vehicle. The bar outline appears about the experience of open vehicle with respect to cost . More MIT Student are sensibly to very fulfill with the expense. While the other significant extent is acceptable, for the most part MIT understudy are happy with the expense of the open vehicle . A the other hand, just 15% understudy doesn’t happy with cost. This is the most well known inquiry in our overview . Most by far 74% MIT understudy need 50 percent concession on their mike . 8% understudies request 40% concession on their tickets. What's more, half of that need 30% concession. Strikingly, not a solitary understudy request concession under 20%. Melbourne Public Transport Work Effectively Bar outline shows that greater part of MIT understudies are concur that open vehicle in Melbourne work viably. 76% of the Male understudy content with the open vehicle as same as female understudies, while 33% female are can't help contradicting this announcement and half of that male understudies are likewise have same conclusion. Most by far of understudies believe that Public vehicle is modest to get to MIT. Chart shows that 80% understudies lean toward open vehicle on vehicle ;in any case, one fourth of the understudies incline toward vehicle . 4 Conclusion: The point of this report is to see if MIT understudies lean toward open vehicle or not on the off chance that indeed, at that point how regularly they use and the amount they pay. This additionally relies upon their fulfillment toward open vehicle. The first theory of this report shows that MIT understudies go through more cash than the remainder of the Australian on open vehicle, which is like the aftereffect of the auxiliary research. The explanation is that optional research shows that Australian expense of driving by open vehicle isn't a lot higher. The Hypothesis expressed that MIT understudies spend more than Australian and this is the thing that outcome shows in view of more utilization of open vehicle. This Research took a gander at as far as Public vehicle use, it is accepted that MIT understudy utilize progressively open vehicle looks at to Australian, which is like the discoveries of optional research. The Reason is that for the most part MIT understudies have worldwide understudies and they didn't have other alternative than open vehicle. Additionally remarry look into static shows that MIT understudy increasingly open vehicle when contrasted with Private. At last, When it comes to fulfillment both MIT understudy and Australian are happy with open vehicle, which is like the aftereffect of optional research. Since Majority of MIT understudies are Satisfied with the open vehicle in regards to wellbeing, neatness, recurrence, Station administration and Mike. What's more, larger part of understudies concurred that Melbourne open vehicle framework work adequately. 5 Recommendation: It is enthusiastically prescribed that to the Government must give concession card to the universal understudies . Likewise recurrence of the open vehicle ought to be expanded. One of the basic suggestion from the understudies to give free web in the open vehicle. Along these lines, figures clarify for us that open vehicle is cost sparing yet passages are just piece of the open vehicle decision condition. Similarly as significant †in reality, presumably increasingly significant †are ‘convenience’ factors, for example, short holding up times, not too bad travel speeds, dependable and copious assistance, neatness, and inviting staff. One needs a decent nature of administration just as serious estimating. 6 Bibliography: Australian Social Trends. (2013). The most effective method to refer to Musa, Papers

Observing a four-month-old baby Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Watching a four-month-old infant - Assignment Example At four months, babies can communicate for themselves, making themselves a functioning piece of their social condition. Perception The focal point of the perception was a male child named Sean Darren from Pennsylvania. This infant kid is growing quick under the consideration of his mom. He was brought into the world with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inadequacy (G6PD), accordingly he was prescribed to keep away from specific nourishments like beans and soya. A few medications or drugs may likewise be hurtful for him, along these lines he ought not be offered any medication without the doctor’s guidance. At his age, Sean is starting to show entertaining stunts that make him look lovelier. He can perceive natural countenances of individuals around him; subsequently he calls the consideration of his mom in the event that he sees her around when he rises and shines. So also, he wouldn't like to go with outsiders and appears to pick individuals he goes with. He perceives his ow n platter and shocks when he sees his mom holding it. He additionally takes his milk to his mouth and holds the jug with the help of a pad or pad. Sean cries when he is ravenous and wet. He feels awkward to wear wet diapers so his mom makes it a point to change his diapers each 3-4 hours or prior when required. At the hour of the perception, he was playing with his mom who was holding a clatter. Sean concentrates on the little toy, and gets the toy from his mom and drops it on the couch. His grasp at this stage isn't yet solid. He does this over and over, while his mom continues picking the toy and offering it to Sean. On occasion, Sean would hold the toy to his mouth and endeavor to chomp it yet neglects to do so in light of the fact that he was unable to put the handle of the toy precisely into his mouth. At the point when he got drained, he went to his mother’s ring and attempted to take it however fizzled on the grounds that the ring is in her mother’s finger. Soon er or later, his consideration was directed to his feet, and he held his feet for over three minutes while he chuckled at his mom whom he thought was conversing with him. Sean grins a ton when he is playing with brilliant things. He has some beautiful toys hanging over his den. He attempts to get hold of them by lifting his hand while lying on his resting pad. When conveyed by his mom, the young man would snatch anything, particularly bright things he sees around him. On the off chance that he is fruitful in taking what he needs, he would as a rule take it to his mouth and bite. He slobbers while he plays with the item in his mouth. Age Based on his conduct and activities, Sean resembles a four-month old infant. Four-month-old infants are ideal to hold since they would already be able to respond to upgrades in their condition. From taking a gander at things and gazing at them, four-year-olds can get them and investigate utilizing their hands and mouth. Much the same as other four-ye ar-old children, Sean would take something and carry it to his mouth. At his age, he can move on his side and rest on his chest and slither at short separations. With help from his mom, Sean can put his weight on his feet however can't remain all alone or even with help. Additionally, four-month-old infants can connect with individuals around them. They grin and laugh at individuals who are grinning at them. As indicated by the Cooperative Extension Website, when tickled, these children could snicker boisterous and jibber jabber. Moreover, four-month olds favor sitting with help than lying on their backs. They can move from side to side, lift their head forward, get things around them, and put things inside

We Care About Your Data - Heres Why You Should Too - Focus

We Care About Your Data - Here’s Why You Should Too - Focus Did the Facebook / Cambridge Analytica reports have you wondering just how secure the online tools you use are? In this article, we’ll advise on how to assess your current tools and share our approach at MeisterLabs to protecting user data, no matter what. Are the tools you’re using putting your data at risk? Reports that Cambridge Analytica illegally acquired the records of 50 million Facebook users have made many rightly question who they can trust with their personal data. However, it’s not only on Facebook that we share personal data about ourselves, our work, and even our friends and family, on a daily basis. Think about the contents of your emails, your to-do list and all the other forms of online communications that you use. It’s essential that all of these products, from social media to task management tools, are looking out for your privacy and security too. As we’ll explain, looking for products with servers outside of the U.S. is a good place to start, but there are other strategies to protect your security online too. Well share a few here. Protecting your data on Facebook In the case of Cambridge Analytica, the majority of user data was reportedly harvested prior to 2016. At this time, Facebook apps could ask for permission to not only access your personal data but also the data of all your Facebook friends. As a result, the 300,000 people that signed up to take a personality quiz supposedly handed over the data of 150 times that number of people. If you’re concerned that you could’ve been affected by this, you can access the app settings page on Facebook to see which apps are connected to your account and deauthorize any you no longer need. Additionally, if you’d like to keep your Facebook account but want to minimize the amount of data shared on it, you can use the Social Book Post Manager plug-in to delete data shared before a chosen date let’s be honest, no one’s reading your Facebook statuses from 5 years ago anyway Choosing a product based outside of the US Unfortunately, these data breaches are by no means limited to Facebook. The 2013 Snowden revelations documented how the NSA’s work to weaken encryption, via so-called ‘backdoors’, put the data stored by US-based online communications products at risk. For a quick recap, under the PRISM program, the National Security Agency could legally access any data held by companies with servers in the U.S. What’s more, in order to access this data, they persuaded many US technology companies to introduce weaknesses in their encryption systems, creating ‘backdoors’ through which the NSA could access their data. However, this weakening of encryption doesn’t just assist the US Government to gain access. It also provides an opening to hackers that are able to navigate the weakened security system a risk that even a ‘Golden Key’ can’t prevent. Unsurprisingly, these revelations sent shockwaves through the online community, including our own team. As a result, at MeisterLabs we decided to take a concerted stance in support of online privacy, restating our efforts to ensure user data is never compromised. Our commitment to security at MeisterLabs As we share in our privacy statements for both MindMeister and MeisterTask: “We take the same degree of care to protect your information as we would employ to protect similar information belonging to us.” As declared in the GDPR guidelines, this means protecting privacy and data by design and default. Storing data exclusively on European servers Our commitment to privacy and security starts with housing our servers exclusively in a state of the art certified data center in Frankfurt, Germany. This ensures that our user data will not be exposed to encryption backdoors, in the way that US-based products could be. You can find out more details about these GCP servers via our security statements for both products: MindMeister and MeisterTask. As we shared back in 2013, in response to the Snowden revelations, with all data stored in Europe and delivered to your browser through secure SSL encryption, for MindMeister and MeisterTask, you can rest assured that your personal data is safe with us. Plus, with most other leading task and project management solutions housing their servers in the U.S., we’re proud to be unique in this way! Encouraging our users to be privacy-aware We’ve also implemented a number of measures to ensure users are vigilant about their own online data, including: Encouraging users to enable two-factor authentication, which is a sure fire way to minimize the risk of a data breach if you feel your password has been compromised The ability to turn on and off link sharing within MindMeister, via generating a new link, in case your shared maps end up in unintended hands The ability to share and unshare projects within MeisterTask, for similar reasons to above Roles Permissions within MeisterTask to restrict the rights of those you’ve shared your projects with, so they can be limited to only viewing or commenting on the project In-built ‘have I been pwned?’ plug-in coming soon, alerting users to whether the password or email they’re using for their account has been previously compromised. You can go ahead and check the security of your own emails and passwords, totally free of charge, via the ‘have I been pwned?’ website We’re also in the process of making our company entirely GDPR compliant, making updates that will be in place ahead of the deadline this May. This will prove that privacy and data protection are implemented by design and default across both of our products. In the GDPR regulation, data protection is at the heart of how personal data is collected, processed, stored and accessed. For more information on what GDPR has in store, you can read the regulation in full online. With our servers based entirely in Germany and processes to ensure that users are aware, themselves, of any potential privacy and security risks, wed like to make clear that for MeisterLabs, user privacy and security are paramount. If you have any questions on how we manage user data across MindMeister and MeisterTask, please do get in touch. Get Productivewith secure task management Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask We Care About Your Data - Here’s Why You Should Too - Focus Did the Facebook / Cambridge Analytica reports have you wondering just how secure the online tools you use are? In this article, we’ll advise on how to assess your current tools and share our approach at MeisterLabs to protecting user data, no matter what. Are the tools you’re using putting your data at risk? Reports that Cambridge Analytica illegally acquired the records of 50 million Facebook users have made many rightly question who they can trust with their personal data. However, it’s not only on Facebook that we share personal data about ourselves, our work, and even our friends and family, on a daily basis. Think about the contents of your emails, your to-do list and all the other forms of online communications that you use. It’s essential that all of these products, from social media to task management tools, are looking out for your privacy and security too. As we’ll explain, looking for products with servers outside of the U.S. is a good place to start, but there are other strategies to protect your security online too. Well share a few here. Protecting your data on Facebook In the case of Cambridge Analytica, the majority of user data was reportedly harvested prior to 2016. At this time, Facebook apps could ask for permission to not only access your personal data but also the data of all your Facebook friends. As a result, the 300,000 people that signed up to take a personality quiz supposedly handed over the data of 150 times that number of people. If you’re concerned that you could’ve been affected by this, you can access the app settings page on Facebook to see which apps are connected to your account and deauthorize any you no longer need. Additionally, if you’d like to keep your Facebook account but want to minimize the amount of data shared on it, you can use the Social Book Post Manager plug-in to delete data shared before a chosen date let’s be honest, no one’s reading your Facebook statuses from 5 years ago anyway Choosing a product based outside of the US Unfortunately, these data breaches are by no means limited to Facebook. The 2013 Snowden revelations documented how the NSA’s work to weaken encryption, via so-called ‘backdoors’, put the data stored by US-based online communications products at risk. For a quick recap, under the PRISM program, the National Security Agency could legally access any data held by companies with servers in the U.S. What’s more, in order to access this data, they persuaded many US technology companies to introduce weaknesses in their encryption systems, creating ‘backdoors’ through which the NSA could access their data. However, this weakening of encryption doesn’t just assist the US Government to gain access. It also provides an opening to hackers that are able to navigate the weakened security system a risk that even a ‘Golden Key’ can’t prevent. Unsurprisingly, these revelations sent shockwaves through the online community, including our own team. As a result, at MeisterLabs we decided to take a concerted stance in support of online privacy, restating our efforts to ensure user data is never compromised. Our commitment to security at MeisterLabs As we share in our privacy statements for both MindMeister and MeisterTask: “We take the same degree of care to protect your information as we would employ to protect similar information belonging to us.” As declared in the GDPR guidelines, this means protecting privacy and data by design and default. Storing data exclusively on European servers Our commitment to privacy and security starts with housing our servers exclusively in a state of the art certified data center in Frankfurt, Germany. This ensures that our user data will not be exposed to encryption backdoors, in the way that US-based products could be. You can find out more details about these GCP servers via our security statements for both products: MindMeister and MeisterTask. As we shared back in 2013, in response to the Snowden revelations, with all data stored in Europe and delivered to your browser through secure SSL encryption, for MindMeister and MeisterTask, you can rest assured that your personal data is safe with us. Plus, with most other leading task and project management solutions housing their servers in the U.S., we’re proud to be unique in this way! Encouraging our users to be privacy-aware We’ve also implemented a number of measures to ensure users are vigilant about their own online data, including: Encouraging users to enable two-factor authentication, which is a sure fire way to minimize the risk of a data breach if you feel your password has been compromised The ability to turn on and off link sharing within MindMeister, via generating a new link, in case your shared maps end up in unintended hands The ability to share and unshare projects within MeisterTask, for similar reasons to above Roles Permissions within MeisterTask to restrict the rights of those you’ve shared your projects with, so they can be limited to only viewing or commenting on the project In-built ‘have I been pwned?’ plug-in coming soon, alerting users to whether the password or email they’re using for their account has been previously compromised. You can go ahead and check the security of your own emails and passwords, totally free of charge, via the ‘have I been pwned?’ website We’re also in the process of making our company entirely GDPR compliant, making updates that will be in place ahead of the deadline this May. This will prove that privacy and data protection are implemented by design and default across both of our products. In the GDPR regulation, data protection is at the heart of how personal data is collected, processed, stored and accessed. For more information on what GDPR has in store, you can read the regulation in full online. With our servers based entirely in Germany and processes to ensure that users are aware, themselves, of any potential privacy and security risks, wed like to make clear that for MeisterLabs, user privacy and security are paramount. If you have any questions on how we manage user data across MindMeister and MeisterTask, please do get in touch. Get Productivewith secure task management Discover MeisterTask Its free! Discover MeisterTask

Self-Initiated Piece On 2 South African Law Articles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 553 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Article 1: Passing of the controversial Secrecy Bill This is an article on the passing of the Secrecy Bill which denies the media the right to access some information of the government. As per the critics, this is a bill that promotes corruption of the government as most of the information would be sealed (1). The supporters believe that it would be helpful to the country as security and transparency would be promoted. This is a law that could be used to prosecute anyone who tries to alert the nation of any secret of the government. Secrecy bill is a matter of concern to many people. Although the government believe that it would promote security and transparency, the negative effects seem to be more that the one positive. The media should have the freedom to cover any story and make the nation aware of what is happening with the government, (Daniel, 481). Lack of this freedom means that the government could get aware with atrocities and the citizens would end up being oppressed. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Self-Initiated Piece On 2 South African Law Articles" essay for you Create order Security and transparency could still be there with the media accessing these secrets stories. There could be another ways of promoting it than passing the secrecy bill. For instance, the media could cover the stories but hide the information that could pose danger to someone. This way people would be free to share and feel safe at the same time. Secrecy bill is not a good idea. There are several negatives that cone with it. It is a factor that could contribute to corruption in the government. This is because the top official know that the media cannot access any information on corruption as per the law. This in the end would end up oppressing the citizens. Article 2: Is weed legal in South Africa? This article focuses on the confusion on the legalization of weed in South Africa. Although weed is still illegal, it is proved to be helpful to people who need it medically. Additionally, although it is illegal, there is a court rule that allows people to plant it at their persona properties. But because it is illegal a person could be also arrested but use the court rule to press charges (2). Moreover, some people who use it see not bad with it and therefore the tree would be under trial so that the old tradition of it being bad may be proved either right or wrong. Weed had been used by many people from different places despite the fact that it is illegal in these places.   With his confusion, it might be hard to determine whether it is bad or not. This article gives a clear explanation from different perspectives. Although cannabis may seem to be good and helping medically, it also has its own effects when over used, (Anthony, 52). When abused, it could make a person lose their focus. This may lead to failure if studying or loss of jobs if working. Moreover, people driving while under the influence may cause accidents. This is why despite the fact that cannabis could be helpful medically, it should be well regulated and should be used by the people who really need it and not for recreation or any other reason. Cannabis had been found to be helpful in healing some sicknesses. Therefore, it can be legalized only for the medical use.

A Note to Rememer - 2159 Words

A Note to Remember Music is a form of life that has a variety of purposes; even the human mind cannot comprehend them all. It should be considered a need but because of the economy and its hardship it has bestowed upon people, when school budgets tighten, music programs feel the pressure early and brace for a potential beating (Jennings). Our education system should allow children to express themselves through efficacious learning experiences, giving them the opportunity them to get in-touch with, and strengthen, their creativity (Lim and Chung, S60, Terrance). There is no doubt other programs includes this, but when it comes to music, people question its capability and it is considered â€Å"not cool†. Without music in our education programs,†¦show more content†¦Music can impact a school in a way that leads it to a bright future. On the pathway to a prosperous era, it is music’s structure that affects the human brain and quality it encounters. An example linking the mind and its acquaintances is The Mozart Effect. Study confirms that listening to Mozart improves spatial temporal tasks (Ho, Mason, Spence), and with repeated testing, this effect can possibly increase spatial reasoning (Music 23). Many studies have taken place, attempting to uncover a credulous explanation for this Mozart madness. One suggests a person’s temporal attention is aroused when given a visual blink task. Participants in this experiment were presented with two target digits, and the object was to try and identify them while listening to Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D Major. They were to listen to this piece played normally, in reverse, and turned off. Given a correct detection of the first given target, results showed that the second one was detected more accurately when the sonata was played normally than when in reverse or in silence. This procedure demonstrates the Mozart Effect and an existence of a temporal section using a â€Å"non-spatial visual AB task † (Ho, Mason, Spence). Another study focuses on auditory conditions with music listening. The analytical section of the Graduate Record Exam held twenty five questions that were given to seventy-two undergraduate students. TheShow MoreRelatedCritiquethe Managers Job: Folklore and Fact1547 Words   |  7 Pageslinking this topic to the theme. Although, there are some other factors that influence the effective management. Critique †¢ The aurthor uses many statistics to prove that incidents are incapable of being avoided during office hours, he notes only 10% activities exceeded one hour in his study and â€Å" a diary study of 160 British middle and top managers that they worked without interruption for a half hour or more only about once every two days. ( Rosemary stewart 1967). In aurthor’s opinionRead MoreCritiquethe Manager’s Job: Folklore and Fact1532 Words   |  7 Pagesinstead of linking this topic to the theme. Although, there are some other factors that influence the effective management. Critique †¢ The aurthor uses many statistics to prove that incidents are incapable of being avoided during office hours, he notes only 10% activities exceeded one hour in his study and â€Å" a diary study of 160 British middle and top managers that they worked without interruption for a half hour or more only about once every two days. ( Rosemary stewart 1967). In aurthor’s opinion

Hebrew and Mesopotamia Free Essays

The Jews lived to preserve their culture; that essentially represented the fundamental goal of life to the Jews. The Jews observed the decadence of the Sumerians as a cause of cultural diffusion, and wanted to make sure that same thing would not happen to them. Eventually, the Jews did become vulnerable to cultural diffusion around the 4th century CE when the Greek-Macedonians from the West came; the great and advanced Greek culture was adorned by the Jews, and as a result, the Greeks Hellenized the Jews. We will write a custom essay sample on Hebrew and Mesopotamia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Hellenized Jews and Greeks eventually translated the Torah and the Tanakh from the Hebrew language, to Greek. Before the Greeks, the Jews resisted cultural diffusion between many civilizations. The Jews culturally diffused with the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, and the Persians religiously, culturally, and politically, as did the Hebrews also represent continuity with these civilizations. The Sumerians culturally diffused and represented continuity religiously, culturally, and politically with the Jews. First, cultural diffusion occurs with the story of Abraham, a Hebrew patriarch and the founder of Judaism, who originates from the city of Ur in Sumer. Around 2200 BCE, during the invasions among the Sumerian city-states, Abraham believes his Sumerian God had abandoned him, so he abandoned the Sumerian Gods, and founded Judaism. This accounts for the continuity and parallels between the Sumerians and the Hebrews. A second one of these instances of continuity occurs in the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh and the Flood story in the Genesis. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the hero Utnapishtim tells the great king Gilgamesh of how he built a boat and survived a great flood that lasted for six days and six nights. In the Genesis story of â€Å"Noah’s Ark†, God tells Noah to build an ark and take all the animals on board, for he wants to flood the Hebrews for forty days, to teach them to be loyal to their God. In both stories, the great flood happens, and Utnapishtim and Noah build boats to be safe from the ravaging waters; also, in both stories, the destruction of human kind happens. The Hebrews must have adapted the Epic of Gilgamesh, before writing â€Å"Noah’s Ark†. Lastly, around 1300 BCE, the twelve Jewish tribes fought over territory with one another; though, when these disputes stopped, and the Jews abandoned this tribal government structure, they adapted to a monarchy like the Sumerians’, a type of government which unified the twelve tribes. The Babylonians represent continuity and cultural diffusion culturally and religiously with the Jews. First, the Code of Hammurabi and the Ten Commandments represent cultural continuity and cultural diffusion. The Code of Hammurabi, the laws that dictated the lines along with the Babylonians should live, influenced the Hebrews in the creation of the Ten Commandments. In the Code of Hammurabi, the Babylonians utilized the concept of lex talionis, or the law of retaliation equal to offense; the Hebrews used this same concept in the creation of the Ten Commandments. The Hebrew priest wrote the Ten Commandments on steles; the Babylonians first found these steles, and wrote the Code of Hammurabi on them. The Ten Commandments paralleled the purpose of the Code of Hammurabi: to explain the relationship between man and God. Just as how Hammurabi climbed a mountain and received the Code of Hammurabi from the Babylonian chief God, Marduk, Moses climbed Mount Sinai, encountered God, and received the Ten Commandments. Second, Lilith the Goddess of the Euphrates River in Babylonian religion, represented continuity from the Babylonians to the Jews; the Jews however invoked the Goddess Lilith with a different meaning from the Babylonians. The Assyrians represented cultural diffusion and continuity with the Jews politically and culturally. First, in the 7th century BCE, the Assyrians arose, and conquered the Kingdom of Israel, representing cultural diffusion; the Assyrian rulers used a reign terror, or ruled by fear, which ultimately led to their military success. The Assyrians did not conquer the Kingdom of Judah, for they agreed to pay tribute. Second, the Assyrians developed an efficient imperial government, and constructed magnificent cities; the Assyrians built a city Nineveh in Babylon, and preserved many Sumerian books and literature in huge libraries there, representing continuity from Sumerian culture to Assyrian culture. Lastly, the Assyrians constructed roads and highways, which acted as agents of cultural diffusion, and allowed for contact with other peoples, such as the Hebrews. The Jews and the Neo-Babylonians culturally diffused and participated in continuity of religious, cultural, and political ideas with the Jews. First, the Assyrian Empire, who previously conquered the Jews, fell to King Nebuchadnezzar of the Neo-Babylonians. Nebuchadnezzar strongly disliked the Jews, and did not allow them religious tolerance, leading to the Babylonian Captivity. In this period in the 6th century BCE, Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the Temple of Jerusalem, and enslaved the Jews in Babylon. Second, during the Babylonian Captivity, Nebuchadnezzar built a magnificent palace and ziggurat in Babylon, decorated with blue tile; this represents continuity from the Sumerians, who first built ziggurats as temples of worship, and frequently traded and used blue tiles in their art. Lastly, during the Babylonian Captivity, the Jews represented continuity in the fact that they wrote down stores in the Torah, and Jewish priests ritualized common Jewish worship, such as Passover and Seder. The fact that the Torah, compiled in this setting, has been passed down in writing until present day, and that the Jews were able to preserve their culture and religion, and resisted cultural diffusion during the captivity demonstrate the continuity of the Jews until present day. The Persians represented cultural diffusion and continuity with the Jews religiously, politically, and culturally. First, Cyrus the Great of the Persians eventually conquered the Neo-Babylonians in 550 BCE, and expands the Jewish empire, representing cultural diffusion. He believes in religious tolerance, and thus frees the Jews from their captivity, and allows the Jews to return home and practice their religion freely, as long as they obey him; Cyrus the Great also allows the Jews to build the Second Temple of Jerusalem. Second, the Persians build the first main road in the Mesopotamian region, which allowed for the transfer of information and for cultural diffusion. Lastly, a wise man named Zoroaster founded the religion Zoroastrianism. He saw the force of light, good as Ahura Mazda, and the force of dark, bad as Angra Mainya. The Jews favored this religion, and liked that there was a counterforce which attempted to undermine God’s will, so they incorporated that idea into Judaism, and called the bad force Satan. This represents syncretism, or religious cultural diffusion between Zoroastrianism and Judaism. The Jews culturally diffused with the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Neo-Babylonians, and Persians and Zoroastrians religiously, culturally, and politically, as did the Jews use ideas from these civilizations. The Jews fulfilled the purpose of their life, to resist cultural diffusion and maintain their own culture and religion, until the 4th century CE at the time of the Greek-Macedonian invasion. The Greek-Macedonians eventually lured the Jews into combining ideas and culturally diffusing, with their highly intellectual and great civilization from the West. Eventually, the Greeks Hellenized the Jews, and the Hellenized Jews translated the Torah, written during the Babylonian Captivity, and the Tanakh from Hebrew, to Greek. The Jews were remarkable in the fact that they resisted cultural diffusion even during times of invasion, as in the Assyrian and Neo-Babylonian conquests. The Jews have been remembered for their great advancements and contributions, most profoundly, the Hebrew Bible that has been compiled from the Torah and the Tanakh. How to cite Hebrew and Mesopotamia, Papers

Phytoremediation Essays (1659 words) - Soil Contamination

Phytoremediation In recent years it has become clear that some environmental chemicals can cause risks to the developing embryo and fetus. Evaluating the developmental toxicity of environmental chemicals is now a prominent public health concern. The suspected association between TCE and congenital cardiac malformations warrants special attention because TCE is a common drinking water contaminant that is detected in water supplies throughout the U.S. and the world. There is a lot of concern about the clean up of toxic pollutants from the environment. Traditional methods for cleaning up contaminated sites such as dig and haul, pump and treat, soil venting, air sparging and others are generally harmful to habitats. Some methods strip the soil of vital nutrients and microorganisms, so nothing can grow on the site, even if it has been decontaminated. Typically these mechanical methods are also very expensive. Most of the remediation technologies that are currently in use are very expensive, relatively inefficient and generate a lot of waste, to be disposed of. Cleaning up contamination: Phytoremediation is a novel, efficient, environmentally friendly, low-cost technology, which uses plants and trees to clean up soil and water contaminated with heavy metals and/or organic contaminants such as solvents, crude oil, polyaromatic hydrocarbons and other toxic compounds from contaminated environments. This technology is useful for soil and water remediation. Mechanisms: Phytoremediation uses one basic concept: the plant takes the pollutant through the roots. The pollutant can be stored in the plant (phytoextraction), volatized by the plant (phytovolatization), metabolized by the plant (phytodegradation), or any combination of the above. Phytoextraction is the uptake and storage of pollutants in the plants stem or leaves. Some plants, called hyperaccumulators, draw pollutants through the roots. After the pollutants accumulate in the stem and leaves the plants are harvested. Then plants can be either burned or sold. Even if the plants cannot be used, incineration and disposal of the plants is still cheaper than traditional remediation methods. As a comparison, it is estimated a site containing 5000 tons of contaminated soil will produce only 20-30 tons of ash (Black, 1995). This method is particularly useful when remediating metals. Some metals are also being recycled from the ash. Phytovolatization is the uptake and vaporization of pollutants by a plant. This mechanism takes a solid or liquid contaminant and transforms it to an airborne vapor. The vapor can either be the pure pollutant, or the plant can metabolize the pollutant before it is vaporized, as in the case of mercury, lead and selenium (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997; Black, 1995; Wantanbe, 1997). Phytodegradation is plants metabolizing pollutants. After the contaminant has been drawn into the plant, it assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitrosedictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase assimilates into plant tissue, where the plant then degrades the pollutant. This metabolization by plant-derived enzymes such as nitroredictase, laccase, dehalogenase, and nitrilase, has yet to be fully documented, but has been demonstrated in field studies (Boyajian and Carriera, 1997). The daughter compounds can be either volatized or stored in the plant. If the daughter compounds are relatively benign, the plants can still be used in traditional applications. The most effective current phytoremediation sites in practice combine these three mechanisms to clean up a site. For example, poplar trees can accumulate, degrade and volatize the pollutants in the remediation of organics. Techniques: Phytoremediation is more than just planting and letting the foliage grow; the site must be engineered to prevent erosion and flooding and maximize pollutant uptake. There are 3 main planting techniques for phytoremediation. 1.Growing plants on the land, like crops. This technique is most useful when the contaminant is within the plant root zone, typically 3 - 6 feet (Ecological Engineering, 1997), or the tree root zone, typically 10-15 feet. 2.Growing plants in water (aquaculture). Water from deeper aquifers can be pumped out of the ground and circulated through a "reactor" of plants and then used in an application where it is returned to the earth (e.g. irrigation) 3.Growing trees on the land and constructing wells through which tree roots can grow. This method can remediate deeper aquifers in-situ. The wells provide an artery for tree roots to grow toward the water and form a root system in the capillary fringe. Determining which plant to use: The majority of current research in the phytoremediation field revolves around determining which plant works most efficiently in a given application. Not all plant species will metabolize, volatize, and/or accumulate pollutants in the same manner. The goal is to ascertain which plants are most effective at remediating a